Karava V, et al. - In children weighing ≤20 kg, the efficiency, and longevity of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for hemodialysis (HD) was assessed. With an early failure rate of 12.5%, AVF using microsurgery techniques was shown to be feasible in young children. Furthermore, with a possibly rather long time to first cannulation, excellent secondary patency was demonstrated. In addition, a high thrombosis rate was reported during kidney transplantation.