Adewuyi EE, et al. - During this study, researchers undertook an inspection of the prevalence of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) ligands in benign and malignant thyroid tumors. The intention was to identify the connection between ligand up-regulation with alpha-isoform (PDGF-AA or PDGF-BB) or the beta-isoform (PDGF-BB or PDGF-DD) of PDGF receptor (PDGFR) in individual tumors. It was determined that the augmented co-expression of PDGF-AA and PDGFRα in metastatic papillary thyroid cancers hinted towards an autocrine signaling loop possibly contributing to nodal infiltration. Patients with papillary thyroid cancer at risk of metastatic disease and resistance to therapy could be detected via combined testing for the expression of PDGF-AA and PDGFRα.