Yang XM, et al. - Using Cox regression adjusted for multiple covariates, researchers compared the risks of 1-year ischemic stroke recurrence and death for atrial fibrillation diagnosed after stroke (AFDAS), atrial fibrillation known before stroke (KAF), and sinus rhythm (SR). In the China National Stroke Registry II, 19,604 patients with acute ischemic stroke were admitted to 219 urban hospitals from June 2012 to January 2013. Patients were classified as AFDAS, KAF, or SR based on heart rhythm assessed during admission. Mortality was 22.0% in AFDAS patients, 22.1% in KAF patients, and 7.0% in SR patients. In all, AFDAS had a similar risk of recurrence and mortality of 1-year ischemic stroke vs KAF, and increased risk vs SR. To achieve a reduction in the incidence of stroke recurrence and mortality, the investigators suggested placing more emphasis on the potential risk of AFDAS.