Han H, Qin Y, Yu Y, et al. - In hospitalized end-stage liver disease (ESLD) patients across the US, researchers studied the temporal trend, patient characteristics, and outcomes of atrial fibrillation (AF). To retrospectively study the weighted prevalence of AF in hospitalized ESLD patients, Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2003 to 2014 was utilized. To explore the connection between AF with clinical factors, in-hospital mortality, length of stay (LOS), and cost, multivariable regression models were used. They identified 639,345 hospitalizations related to ESLD, of which 47,710 were diagnosed with AF. AF prevalence increased from 5.73% in 2003 to 9.75% in 2014 in ESLD and differed by age, race, income, insurance type, and hospital features. Advancing age, male, white race, high income, and urban teaching hospital were factors associated with AF. AF presence was related to significant higher in-hospital mortality, 21% longer LOS and 22% higher cost. A significant decrease in in-hospital mortality trend has also been reported. From 2003 to 2014, the prevalence of AF in hospitalized ESLD patients continued to increase. Poor prognosis and higher health resource utilization were associated with AF. For better management of hospitalized ESLD patients comorbid with AF, innovative anticoagulation strategies through improved collaboration between cardiologists and hepatologists are needed.