Looman KIM, van Meel ER, Grosserichter-Wagener C, et al. - Since the human immune system is shaped by non-genetic factors, researchers analyzed a large cohort with atopic children, to study these immune cells, adjusting for prenatal and postnatal confounders. Within the Generation R cohort, they extracted data regarding atopic dermatitis, inhalant and food allergic sensitization, asthma lung function scores from 855 10-year old children. They analyzed venous blood samples to assess CD27⁺ and CD27-IgG⁺, IgE⁺ and IgA⁺ memory B cells, Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg-memory cells, using 11-color flow cytometry. They examined the links between any atopic disease, the individual atopic diseases and immune cell numbers. Higher circulating memory-Treg cells, but not higher IgE⁺B-cell numbers, were found in children with any atopic disease and children with inhalant and food allergic sensitization or atopic dermatitis. In this study, TGF-β mediated compensation for chronic inflammation was indicated by the observed links of higher Treg and CD27⁺IgA⁺ B cell numbers in children with food allergic sensitization.