Hidaka T, et al. - In this cross-sectional study involving 90,122 residents (aged 40–74 years) who had completed specified medical check-ups, researchers, for the first time, explored the associations of the presence or absence of exercise (EX; a planned and purposeful activity) and/or physical activity (PA; daily bodily movement) with non-restorative sleep (NRS) according to sex and age via binary logistic regression analysis. NRS presence was evaluated by inquiring whether subjects usually had enough sleep. When the subjects responded in the negative, NRS was considered to be present. Investigators found associations between the prevalence of NRS and the presence or absence of EX and/or PA by sex and age group. With the exception of 40s and 70s for males and 40s and 50s for females, the absence of EX or PA was linked to higher NRS ORs than referent. ORs were more than doubled vs male referents in their 50s and 60s and females in their 60s when neither EX nor PA were involved. Findings suggested that healthcare providers should consider sex and age similarities and differences in EX and/or PA associations with NRS when supporting NRS people. The outcomes of this investigation suggested that interventions in lifestyle like EX and PA may contribute to the prevention of NRS.