Pang X, Gao Y, Yi H, et al. - In this large-scale retrospective study, researchers analyzed all consecutive rectal cancer patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by total mesorectal excision surgery, to examine the correlation between clinicopathological features, treatment regimens, and the achievement of a pathological good response (pathologic complete response and ypI). To balance the preoperative tumor features and determine the requirement of adjuvant chemotherapy treatment (ACT) for the pathological good responders, a propensity score matching analysis was carried out. The study sample comprised 2255 patients, including 1069 good responders and 1186 nonresponders. A better 3-year prognosis was predicted by a good response, as per outcomes of survival analysis. In this study, a better response was shown to be predicted by more cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and by a delay in surgery, and ACT administration might be omitted in good responders.