Groenewald CB, et al. - Researchers focused on the longitudinal link between history of adolescent chronic pain and odds of misusing prescription opioids in adulthood, using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) (n = 14,784). They used multivariate models that controlled for known risk factors of opioid misuse, including sociodemographics (sex, race and ethnicity), adolescent mental health symptoms (anxiety, depression), adolescent self-reported physical health status, adolescent substance use/abuse, childhood trauma, and adult legitimate opioid use. According to findings, in addition to other known risk factors, chronic pain during adolescence was identified as an independent risk factor for opioid misuse in adulthood. Also, they noted that substance use, exposure to trauma, and race were related to opioid misuse in individuals with adolescent chronic pain.