van Gennip ACE, Stehouwer CDA, van Boxtel MPJ, et al. - Excess dementia risk, lower cognitive function, and brain abnormalities decreased stepwise in adults with diabetes as the number of risk factors on target increased.

• Prospective data from the UK Biobank of 87,856 people (n = 10,663 diabetes, n = 77,193 control individuals; baseline 2006–2010) were used, with dementia follow-up to February 2018.

• One hundred forty-seven patients (1.4%) with diabetes and 412 control individuals (0.5%) had incident dementia after a mean follow-up of 9.0 years.

• Among people with diabetes, excess dementia risk lowered stepwise for a higher number of risk factors on target.

• Individuals with diabetes who had five to seven risk factors on target showed no significant increased dementia risk when compared with control individuals.

• Similarly, as the number of risk factors on target increased, the disparities in processing speed, executive function, and brain volumes were less.

• Such findings were replicated in the Maastricht Study.