Mantaka A, et al. - In a genetically homogeneous population having primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), researchers analyzed the impact of smoking on liver histology and mortality. In 171 Cretan patients with PBC (163 women), smoking and drinking habits at diagnosis (based on standard criteria) were recorded. They used Kaplan–Meier curves for mortality estimation. Findings suggested an association of smoking with alcohol consumption of more than 20 g/day, severe steatosis, and fibrosis stage F3–F4. An association was found between smoking (whether active or passive) and advanced fibrosis in PBC. Outcomes revealed that there was a 3.2 times higher likelihood of advanced fibrosis for every pack-year increase in smoking intensity. In smokers with advanced PBC, increased mortality was observed.