Perrett KP, et al. - Researchers analyzed the incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in Australian children before and after the oral rotavirus (RV) vaccine was introduced to the Australian National Immunisation Program in 2007 using publicly available data. Investigators found that RV infection triggers pancreatic apoptosis in mice and RV peptides in pancreatic β-cell autoantigens display molecular mimicry with T- cell epitopes. They assumed that if natural RV infection was a causal factor in T1D, the incidence of the disease would decrease over time. The development of T1D in children was associated with the infection of RV.