Naegelin Y, et al. - This investigation draws on data from secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) patients in three multiple sclerosis centers in Basel and Lugano, Switzerland and Amsterdam, the Netherlands, between 2004 and 2017 to analyze the progression of disability in rituximab-treated SPMS patients vs matched control patients never treated with rituximab. Study participants had received a diagnosis of SPMS, were treated (57 eligible; 54 included) or never treated (504 eligible; 59 included) with rituximab and had at least 1 follow-up visit. In the rituximab-treated group, time to confirmed disability progression was delayed significantly. In this retrospective cohort study, patients with rituximab- treated SPMS had a significantly lower Expanded Disability Status Scale score for up to 10 years and a significantly delayed confirmed progression vs matched controls, implying that rituximab’s depletion of B-cells could benefit these patients therapeutically.