Shaikh N, et al. - Through a post hoc analysis of data from 2 studies of a total of 345 children, researchers assessed how the risk of renal scarring was correlated with the number of febrile urinary tract infections (UTIs). The incidence of renal scarring was 2.8%, 25.7% and 28.6% following one febrile UTI, two febrile UTIs, and three or more febrile UTIs, respectively. The odds of renal scarring following a second febrile infection were 11.8 times bigger than following a single febrile infection, and the odds of renal scarring following three or more febrile infections were 13.7 times bigger than following a single febrile infection. In conclusion, those who had a substantially greater risk of renal scarring in comparison with children with a single febrile UTI, relatively few children had two febrile UTIs. Further research should focus on the recognition of biomarkers that could noninvasively recognize children at risk for subsequent febrile infections. Moreover, among children with recurrent febrile UTIs, additional research is also required to understand the molecular basis of the heightened risk of renal scarring.