Wandling MW, et al. - This work is carried out to investigate whether private vehicle prehospital transport offers a survival advantage vs ground emergency medical services (EMS) transport following penetrating injuries in urban trauma systems. In urban US trauma systems, when compared with ground EMS transport, private vehicle transport is associated with a significantly lower likelihood of death for individuals with gunshot wounds and stab wounds. Researchers observe system-level evidence such as this as a valuable tool for those responsible for developing and implementing policies at the trauma system level.