Allon M, et al. - Researchers performed quantification of arterial intimal hyperplasia, arterial medial fibrosis, arterial microcalcification, and venous intimal hyperplasia in the vascular specimens obtained from 125 patients (with minimal 2 mm arterial diameter and 2.5 mm venous diameter) undergoing arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creation in order to assess whether preexisting arterial intimal hyperplasia is associated with AVF development. Outcomes revealed that when the preoperative arterial diameter was ≥2 mm, no association of preexisting arterial intimal hyperplasia with the 6-week AVF blood flow, diameter or stenosis, or clinical maturation was evident.