Hayhurst CJ, Patel MB, McNeil JB, et al. - Whether there exists an association between higher concentrations of neuronal repair biomarkers and decreased delirium among critically ill patients was investigated in this nested study of hospital survivors within a prospective cohort. The participants were enrolled within 72 h of respiratory failure or shock. The sample comprised 427 patients (median age = 59 years) with APACHE II score of 25 (IQR 19–30). Using blood samples taken at enrollment, measurements were obtained for plasma levels of ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal-esterase-L1 (UCHL1) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). According to the findings, there exists a link between higher UCHL1 plasma level and lower prevalence of delirium during critical illness; no link was identified between BDNF plasma concentration and delirium.