Bhatta DN, et al. - By performing this longitudinal analysis of the adult Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Waves 1, 2, and 3, researchers examined the longitudinal links between e-cigarette use and respiratory disease controlling for combustible tobacco use. They used multivariable logistic regression to determine the aforementioned links. Controlling for combustible tobacco smoking, demographic, and clinical variables, statistically significant links between former e-cigarette use and current e-cigarette use at Wave 1 and having incident respiratory disease at Waves 2 or 3 was found in the longitudinal analysis among individuals who did not report respiratory disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or asthma) at Wave 1. For a current dual user (e-cigarette and all combustible tobacco) vs a never smoker who never used e-cigarettes, the estimated odds of developing respiratory disease were 3.30. Findings revealed an independent risk for respiratory disease was conferred by the use of e-cigarettes, in addition to combustible tobacco smoking. Compared with the use of either product alone, the greater risk was observed in relation to dual use which was identified as the most common use pattern.