Cheung YT, et al. - In order to gain better insight into treatment-related neurotoxic mechanisms in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated with chemotherapy only, researchers assessed concentration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of brain injury at ALL diagnosis and during cancer therapy in patients with ALL who received a chemotherapy-only protocol. Associations with long-term neurocognitive and neuroimaging outcomes and relevant genetic polymorphisms were also assessed. At ALL diagnosis, the presence of glial injury may be seen. Neuronal injury was shown to be related to intrathecal chemotherapy. In the detection of individuals at risk for worse neurologic outcomes, particularly those with genetic susceptibility to poor brain function, the possible usefulness of CSF biomarkers was suggested.