Veiga LH, Curtis RE, Morton LM, et al. - In this case-control study of 271 people with breast cancer within the North America Childhood Cancer Survivor Study, researchers assessed breast cancer risk in childhood cancer survivors after radiotherapy and chemotherapy and evaluated whether risks differed by estrogen receptor (ER) status. The OR for breast cancer rose with rising radiation dose to the breast and was comparable for ER+ and ER– cancers. This study gave the first evidence to date that the combination of anthracyclines and radiotherapy could enhance breast cancer risks in comparison with the use of neither treatment with a comparable radiation dose-response for ER+ and ER– cancers and probably greater anthracycline risks for ER+ cancers. Hence, for childhood cancer survivors, these results could aid to inform surveillance guidelines.