Yeh YC, Kuo YT, Huang MF, et al. - Researchers examined the impairment of specific cognitive domains in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Further, they assessed their association with brain structural abnormalities. They enrolled 87 patients with CKD of at least stage 3 who were not on hemodialysis and fifty controls. Comprehensive neuropsychological assessment was performed on all participants in five cognitive domains. Using brain magnetic resonance imaging, they assessed ventricular atrophy, sulcal atrophy, medial temporal atrophy, and white matter changes according to standard protocols. Compared with controls, patients with CKD displayed decreased cognitive function. Patients with advanced-stage (stage 4 or 5) showed poorer cognitive performance, more pronounced white matter hyperintensity (WMH), and more severe ventricular atrophy relative to patients with stage 3 CKD. Controlled analyses revealed that executive function and attention are associated with WMH among CKD patients.