Shivappa N, et al. - Researchers aimed at assessing if inflammatory potential of diet, as measured by the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) has an impact on levels of urinary enterolignans in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2008. In addition, they carried out construct validation of the DII with C-reactive protein (CRP). The NHANES data revealed an association between energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) score and enterolignans. Furthermore, the study provided construct validation of the E-DII using CRP in a nationally representative sample. Outcomes suggest an association of dietary inflammatory potential with urinary enterolignans, a potential marker for microbiota diversity.