Nené NR, et al. - Researchers performed this case-control study to ascertain if an imbalanced cervicovaginal microbiome exists in women with, or at risk of developing ovarian cancer. Participants were women aged 18–87 years recruited from the Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, Norway, and the UK. This study included two sets of participants: the ovarian cancer set including women with epithelial ovarian cancer and controls (both healthy controls and those diagnosed with benign gynaecological diseases). In the BRCA set, women with a BRCA1 mutation but without ovarian cancer were included, along with controls who were wild type for BRCA1 and BRCA2 (both healthy controls and those with benign gynaecological conditions). Findings revealed a significant association of the presence of ovarian cancer, or factors recognized to have an influence on the risk for the disease (ie, age and BRCA1 germline mutations), with having a community type O cervicovaginal microbiota. They found that the younger the participants, the stronger the link between community type O microbiota and ovarian cancer or BRCA1 mutation status-a revelation in both sets.