Bae EH, Lim SY, Han KD, et al. - Using nationally representative data from the Korean National Health Insurance System, researchers assessed blood pressure (BP) variability as a determinant of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). A total of 8,199,089 individuals free of ESRD were enrolled from 2009 to 2010. These individuals had ≥ 3 health examinations from 2005 to 2010, and were observed by the end of 2017. A higher incident rate of ESRD was reported in correlation with the highest quartile of systolic or diastolic BP vs the other three quartiles. The highest incidence rate of ESRD, among patients with the highest quartile of systolic and diastolic BP variabilities, was exhibited by participants in the uncontrolled hypertension group (> 140/90 mmHg) receiving antihypertensive medication. Findings revealed an independent association of systolic and diastolic BP variabilities with an increased incidence of ESRD, and it was augmented when both variabilities coexisted.