Kim YG, et al. - Researchers performed a nationwide retrospective observational study to assess if there is a difference in the heart failure protective impact of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT-2i) compared with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) depending on the underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the prescription period. They performed propensity score matching using 53 confounding variables to match 59,479 new-users of SGLT-2i with same number of new-users of DPP-4i. Using Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses, they estimated the risk of hospitalization for heart failure (hHF). Findings revealed SGLT-2i vs DPP-4i reduced hHF. In patients with established CVD, SGLT-2i use vs DPP-4i resulted in a heart failure protective effect 30 days after starting the SGLT-2i. In patients without established CVD, this effect appeared later.