Jeong SH, Joo HJ, Kwon J, et al. - Researchers conducted this prospective, cross-sectional study to explore the connection between smoking behaviors and insulin resistance. The sample consisted of 11,653 candidates (4,721 males and 6,932 females) aged ≥ 19 years from the 2016–2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants were classified as dual-smokers (cigarettes and e-cigarettes), single-smokers (cigarette smokers), previous smokers, or non-smokers based on their smoking habits. Among the candidates, 205 males (3.9%) and 40 females (0.5%) were dual-smokers, while 1,581 males (29.9%) and 350 females (4.5%) were single-smokers. According to the findings of this study, both single and dual smoking may increase the risk of insulin resistance in the general population. Education about the harmful effects of smoking behaviors may be an important strategy for improving population health.