Au PCM, Tan KCB, Cheung BMY, et al. - In a real-world setting, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) use for treating type 2 diabetes was identified to be linked with a decreased risk of pneumonia and pneumonia mortality, relative to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4is) use.

• There is a higher risk of pneumonia and pneumonia mortality in patients with diabetes.

• A retrospective cohort study using electronic health data of type 2 diabetes patients taking SGLT2is and DPP4is between 2015 and 2018.

• There were 6,664 users of SGLT2is and 26,656 users of DPP4is in the propensity score-matched cohort, with a mean follow-up of 3.8 years.

• Poisson regression demonstrated a lower risk of pneumonia in relation to SGLT2is use vs DPP4is with an absolute rate difference of 4.05 per 1,000 person-years.

• The corresponding IRR was 0.71, and there was a similar decrease in risk of pneumonia death (HR: 0.57).