Rodgers J, et al. - Researchers examined if educational attainment and literacy proficiency influence the association between numeracy proficiency and health outcomes. Using logistic regression, numeracy proficiency was modeled as a predictor of self-rated poor health after accounting for educational attainment and literacy proficiency. Among 166,863 adults (aged 16–65 years) from 33 high- and upper middle-income countries, self-rated poor health was prevalent in 24%. The analysis revealed an inverse correlation of numeracy with poor self-rated health. Following adjustment for literacy, education, and sociodemographic factors, the associations remained robust. The numeracy-health relationship may increase in correlation with low levels of general literacy. Variation in the numeracy-self-rated health relationship was observed in relation to gender, education, and across countries. Findings thereby support implementing interventions aimed at increasing both numeracy and literacy to produce greater improvements in population health.