Zheng X, Cao C, He Y, et al. - Researchers undertook this retrospective propensity score matching (PSM) cohort study to examine whether and how nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) in a large Japanese cohort. Participants included 14,280 Japanese persons without DM at baseline in Murakami Memorial Hospital between 2004 and 2015. One-to-one PSM revealed 1671 participants with and without NAFLD. Findings revealed that NAFLD conferred an independent risk for DM development. In the PSM cohort, the observed DM risk in NAFLD patients was 2.33 times that of the non-NAFLD participants, post-adjustment for the demographic and laboratory biochemical variables. A 95% elevated risk of DM was observed, after adjusting for PS, among participants with NAFLD.