Li Z, Wang D, Cheng Y, et al. - This observational prospective cohort study was undertaken to determine if the neonatal birth weight (NBW) was correlated with early postpartum glucose intolerance in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Included were a total of 1,113 women diagnosed with GDM who completed a 6-9 weeks postpartum oral glucose tolerance test between April 1, 2014, and January 8, 2020. In women who delivered a girl, the correlation between lower NBW and maternal glucose intolerance were significantly stronger. Additionally, NBW ≥ 3,100 g seems to be linked to a lower risk of maternal glucose intolerance postpartum. The results indicate that the low neonatal birth weight in early postpartum in South China is a previously unrecognized risk factor for maternal glucose intolerance following gestational diabetes.