Kato M, et al. - Using data from annual health check-up performed in the Toranomon Hospital Health Management Center, researchers conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection, eradication, and diabetes. Using logistic regression, they examined the connection between H. pylori infection and diabetes. Of the 21,634 subjects, 6,530 (30.2%) had a current or past history of H. pylori infection, and 1,184 (5.5%) were identified as having diabetes. Findings suggested an association of current H. pylori infection with increased risk of diabetes; this increased risk was not observed after eradication. These results are in line with the hypothesis that H. pylori infection increases diabetes risk.