Mantovani A, et al. - In this systematic review and meta-analysis involving 81,162 middle-aged people of predominantly Asian ethnicity (47.5% of whom had Helicobacter pylori infection diagnosed by a urea breath test, faecal or serological tests), researchers explored the connection between H. pylori infection and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In middle-aged individuals, H. pylori infection was linked to mildly raised risk of both prevalent and incident NAFLD. To better elucidate the link between chronic H. pylori infection and NAFLD, more prospective studies, especially in non-Asian populations, and mechanistic studies are needed.