Sani G, et al. - Researchers here aimed at assessing the effects of lithium exposure on limbic and deep gray matter in bipolar disorder. They observed smaller hippocampal and amygdalar volumes among patients without lithium exposure than controls. Short-term lithium exposure impacted the amygdala only whereas long-term exposure seemed to have an action also in the hippocampus. Observations thereby suggested a time-dependent effect of lithium exposure on limbic and subcortical gray matter volumes. Results thus support the clinical importance of long-term lithium treatment in type I bipolar disorder.