Zheng L, Yin J, Wang S, et al. - Since the incidence of co‐existent pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and lung cancer in China is rising, researchers undertook this case‐control analysis to determine the clinical factors related to the odds of co‐existent PTB and lung cancer (PTB‐lung cancer) cases. The case group involved 125 PTB‐lung cancer patients enrolled by Beijing Chest Hospital between January 2012 and December 2016. The control groups included age‐ and gender‐matched PTB‐only (N = 125) and lung cancer‐only (N = 125) patients. Significantly higher proportions of patients with irritant cough, expectoration, hemoptysis, fever, and computed tomography (CT) characteristics of irregular mass and pleural thickening were identified in the PTB‐lung cancer case group vs both controls of PTB‐only and lung cancer‐only patients. It was concluded that early diagnosis of PTB‐lung cancer cases may be aided by distinct clinical symptoms and CT tests. A higher risk of lung cancer may be seen in PTB patients with fibrous calcification.