Kurosaki H, et al. - Researchers investigate the efficacy of a new protocol facilitating early chest compressions (CCs) before definitive cardiac arrest in enhancing the outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). In comatose adult patients with respiratory arrest (apnoea or agonal breathing) and loss of the radial pulse, the 2011 new protocol facilitated emergency medical services (EMS) to initiate CCs when the carotid pulse was weak and/or <50/min. Findings demonstrate the association of the new EMS protocol with a higher survival of EMS-witnessed OHCA.