Syn NL, Cummings DE, Wang LZ, et al. - The present study was performed to compare long-term survival outcomes of severely obese patients who received metabolic–bariatric surgery versus usual care. Researchers conducted a prespecified one-stage meta-analysis using patient-level survival data reconstructed from prospective controlled trials and high-quality matched cohort studies. They carried out searches of PubMed, Scopus, and MEDLINE (via Ovid) for randomized trials, prospective controlled studies, and matched cohort studies comparing all-cause mortality after metabolic–bariatric surgery vs non-surgical management of obesity published between inception and Feb 3, 2021. In this analysis, researchers enrolled 16 matched cohort studies and one prospective controlled trial among 1,470 articles. Compared with usual obesity management, metabolic–bariatric surgery is associated with substantially lower all-cause mortality rates and longer life expectancy among adults with obesity. The findings suggested that survival benefits are much more pronounced for people with pre-existing diabetes than those without.