Woodside KJ, Repeck KJ, Mukhopadhyay P, et al. - As there has been an increase in the proportion of arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) compared with arteriovenous grafts (AVG) in the United States, a concurrent increase has occurred in interventions. Researchers conducted this observational cohort study with the aim to examine AVF and AVG maturation and maintenance procedural burden in the first year of hemodialysis. The United States Renal Data System (USRDS) was assessed for patients initiating hemodialysis from July 1, 2012, to December 31, 2014 and having a first time AVF or AVG placement between dialysis initiation and 1 year (N = 73,027). During the maturation phase, intervention was required in 13,989 of 57,275 (24.4%) patients in the AVF group, with therapeutic interventional requirements of 0.36 per person (pp). Intervention was required in 2,904 of 15,572 (18.4%) patients in the AVG group during maturation, with therapeutic interventional requirements of 0.28 pp. Overall, interventions were relatively common during maturation for both AVF and AVG. Once successfully matured, lower maintenance interventional requirements were reported in correlation with AVF. Geographic variations were observed in AVF intervention rates during maturation and maintenance phases.