Moraitis E, et al. - The researchers screened sera from 90 patients with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus for the presence of anti-aquaporin 4 antibodies (AQP4-Ab) and determined clinical and laboratory predictors of the presence of AQP4-Ab positivity in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus. Out of 90 patients, all had neurological involvement, mainly transverse myelitis and optic neuritis. Patients with the AQP4-Ab-positive antibody more likely had neurological symptoms and were less likely to experience dermatological manifestations, however, they also were unlikely to have detectable anti-dsDNA antibodies. Such kind of patients received anti-epileptic and anti-coagulant drugs. Hence, some patients with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus could acquire antibodies against aquaporin-4 and could be at risk of generating a neurological clinical phenotype. Therefore, systematical screening is suggestive for the presence of AQP4-Ab and it could help in recognization of high risk for neurological involvement in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus.