Kanemaru SI, et al. - In patients with severe calcification of the tympanic membrane (TM), cholesteatomas, or tumors localized to the tympanic cavity, experts sought to apply regenerative treatment for TM perforation. The age of the patients included in this study ranged from 8–85. Usefulness of this new regenerative therapy was seen not only for patients with simple TM perforations but also for those with cholesteatomas, tumors, or severe calcification without requiring conventional surgical procedures. Compared to the historical control group, improvement in average hearing levels and air-bone gap were much better with this treatment. This therapy was discovered to be an easy, safe, cost-effective, and minimally-invasive treatment.