Tang KT, et al. - Authors estimated 12 pAPS patients, 17 antiphospholipid antibody (APA)-positive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients without APS manifestations (APA+SLE), 13 SLE patients with secondary APS (APS+SLE) and 10 healthy controls (HCs) to investigate the apoptosis-related cytokines and apoptosis in outpatients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome (pAPS). They observed a drift toward higher plasma levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis inducing ligand (sTRAIL), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and TNF-α in pAPS cases. No significant disparity was noticed in blood lymphocytes/monocytes apoptosis between pAPS subjects and HCs.