Laura D’Erasmo, Gallo A, Bruckert E, et al. - Since ApoCIII (Apolipoprotein CIII) is well-known to play a role in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins metabolism, and because ApoCIII inhibition is emerging as a novel promising treatment strategy, researchers performed this review of available evidences associated with genetics and biochemistry of ApoCIII, as well as those highlighting this apoprotein’s role in triglyceride and glucose metabolism, in the inflammatory process and coagulation cascade as well as in cardiovascular disorder. In a considerable amount of data, it is clearly shown that hypertriglyceridemia results from high levels of ApoCIII, and this is how ApoCIII may impact the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, a likely role of ApoCIII beyond lipid metabolism is indicated by recent findings. Certainly, in other physiological processes [such as glucose homeostasis, monocyte adhesion, activation of inflammatory pathways, and modulation of the coagulation cascade], ApoCIII has been implicated.