Giudice ED, et al. - The intent here was to detect the presence of endothelial dysfunction as a marker of early atherosclerosis by estimating the aortic and carotid intimal-medial thickness (aIMT and cIMT) and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and their connection with traditional and no traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis, in children with rheumatic diseases. The occurrence of subclinical atherosclerosis was disclosed in the study cohort, particularly in early-onset forms. The aIMT served as an earlier marker of preclinical atherosclerosis. The possible inclusion of premature endothelial dysfunction was recommended in the follow-up of children with rheumatic disorders to formulate the preventive plan of action for cardiovascular disease existing in pediatrics.