Lopez E, Peng Z, Kozar RA, et al. - Given a link of endothelial dysfunction during hemorrhagic shock (HS) with loss of cell-associated syndecan-1 (Sdc1) and hyperpermeability, and considering the fact that fresh frozen plasma (FFP) preserves Sdc1 and decreases permeability after HS, researchers investigated whether the protective influences of FFP on endothelial Sdc1 and permeability are mediated, in part, by antithrombin III (ATIII). They performed correlation analysis using ATIII and Sdc1 measurements recorded in severely injured patients upon admission (N = 125) and hospital day 3 (N = 90). On hospital day 3, a significant negative correlation between plasma levels of Sdc1 and ATIII was observed among injured patients, as shown in Pearson correlation analysis. TNFα-induced permeability in human lung microvascular endothelial cells was prevented by FFP and ATIII in vitro. Overall, the role of ATIII in FFP-mediated protection of endothelial Sdc1 expression and barrier function was suggested, implying that it is a potential treatment target to alleviate HS-induced endothelial dysfunction.