Musinguzi N, Castillo-Mancilla J, Morrow M, et al. - Evaluation of adults initiating first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) at a regional referral hospital clinic in Mbarara, Uganda, was done to determine the effect of ART adherence interruptions on systemic inflammation among individuals living with HIV who were virally suppressed. At baseline and 6 months after ART initiation, assessment of plasma concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), D-dimer, soluble sCD14, sCD163, the kynurenine/tryptophan (K/T) ratio, and CD8+ T-cell activation (HLA-DR+/CD38+ coexpression) were measured among participants. Researchers assess 282 participants (median age was 34 years); of these, 70% were women. At baseline, median CD4 and median log viral load were 135 cells per microliter and 5.1 copies per milliliter, respectively. In the adjusted analysis, higher sCD14 (+3%; P < 0.008), sCD163 (+5%; P = 0.002), D-dimer (+10%; P = 0.007), HLA-DR+/CD8+ (+3%; P < 0.025), IL-6 (+14%; P = 0.008), and K:T ratio (+5%; P = 0.002) were observed in correlation with a running average adherence of < 10%. Increased levels of inflammation was observed in correlation with increased time spent in adherence interruptions; this was observed despite viral suppression above and beyond average adherence.