Bérard A, et al. - This study sought to determine the risk of major congenital malformations (MCMs) associated with gestational combination antiretroviral use. During the first trimester, antiretroviral therapy seemed not associated with the risk of overall MCMs but could have an association with an increased risk of defects of the small intestine. However, a higher risk of malformations was evident among HIV-positive pregnant women who were not treated with antiretrovirals during pregnancy; this was not seen among those who were treated, which could indicate that the underlying condition puts women at risk and not the treatment.