Rybak A, et al. - Herein, experts attempted to re-examine antibiotic strategies for acute otitis media (AOM) by assessing the trends of nasopharyngeal carriage and antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp), Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) and Moraxella catarrhalis (Mc) isolated from young children with AOM during a 16-year period. Data illustrated a very low proportion of penicillin-resistant Sp carriage in the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) period and that of β-lactamase–producing Hi carriage did not exceed 20% among children with AOM and without conjunctivitis. Hence, amoxicillin possibly persisted as the first-line antibiotic therapy for AOM in young children, with the exception of patients with conjunctivitis, for which amoxicillin-clavulanate remained the best antibiotic.