Alba C, et al. - This review focuses on antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori that has led its treatment difficult nowadays. Authors realize alarming rates of metronidazole and clarithromycin resistance although they seem varying among populations. In most countries, tetracycline and amoxicillin-resistance are very low. H. pylori resistance could be detected by phenotypic or by molecular methods. Genomic techniques seem to open new possibilities in the diagnosis of H. pylori, and the detection of H. pylori and its antimicrobial resistance in faeces appear an interesting approach. Eradication rates seem associated with the susceptibility of the strain to metronidazole and clarithromycin, being lower in patients infected with a resistant strain.