Ruscitti P, Masedu F, Alvaro S, et al. – Via performing a multicenter, open-label, randomized, controlled trial involving 41 participants with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) who were followed up for 6 months in 12 Italian rheumatologic units between 2013 and 2016, researchers examined whether interleukin-1 (IL-1) inhibition with anakinra could enhance both glycemic and inflammatory parameters vs tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors (TNFis). Anakinra significantly improved metabolic alteration (decrease of the percentage of glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c%]) following both 3 and 6 months of therapy (crude variation of 0.93 HbA1c% among groups), whereas TNFi did not demonstrate any meaningful improvement with respect to these features. No severe adverse events, hypoglycemic episodes, or deaths were noted. Overall, there was an apparent advantage of IL-1 inhibition in participants with RA and T2D, reaching the therapeutic targets of both diseases. These results suggest that IL-1 inhibition may be an effective targeted treatment for RA and T2D.