Loureiro RV, et al. - In this retrospective, observational study, the researchers characterized anorectal complications in patients with haematological malignancies, identified risk factors and shed light on treatment, morbidity and mortality rates. From January 2010 to September 2015, eighty-three inpatients with haematological malignancies and proctological symptoms were involved. Results of this study suggested that Enterococcus spp. were more commonly identified and can be increased in this specific population. No association was found between septic anorectal complications and possible risk factors such as male sex, younger age or a low absolute neutrophil count in contrast to other reports. Nonseptic anorectal complications were reported by most of the patients. The data presented in this work showed a major proctological procedure/surgical debridement should always be applied in septic complications, which have better prognoses now over previously.