Bohlender JM, et al. - The topic explored here was the angiotensinergic innervation of the human right atrium and its implications for the cardiocirculatory reflexes controlling the cardiac output and blood pressure. It was noted that the human right atrium harbored an abundant angiotensinergic innervation and a novel potential source of atrial angiotensin (Ang) II. A majority of the peripheral fibers were noncatecholaminergic afferents or preterminal vagal efferents and a minority was presumably sympathetic. Hence, it was deduced that the neuronal Ang II release from these fibers possibly modulated the cardiac and circulatory reflexes independently from the plasma and tissue Ang II sources.