Short TG, Campbell D, Frampton C, et al. - In this international trial, experts enrolled individuals from 73 centers in seven countries who were aged 60 years and older, with notable comorbidity, having surgery with expected duration of more than 2 h, and an anticipated hospital stay of at least 2 days in order to contrast all-cause 1-year mortality in elderly people having major surgery and randomized to light or deep general anesthesia. A total of 18,026 people were screened as eligible, of which 6,644 were recruited and randomized to treatment or control. Among individuals at heightened risk of complications following major surgery, compared with deep general anesthesia, light general anesthesia was not related to lower 1-year mortality. Thus, this trial describes a wide range of anesthetic depth over which anesthesia may be securely delivered while titrating volatile anesthetic concentrations through a processed electroencephalographic monitor.